The first Part 107 commercial drone pilot rules were enacted in August 2016. Eight years later, there are more than 400,000 certified remote pilots and more than 785,000 registered drones. 

Drone technology has already proven itself across a wide range of industries, including law enforcement, industrial inspections, precision agriculture, search and rescue, and more.

Although drone technology has changed a lot since the FAA first started regulating commercial operations, what has stayed the same is the need for skilled and legal drone pilots. 

With regulators making moves to strengthen the domestic market, now is the time to consider a career change or even pick up a side hustle as a drone pilot.

But how much can you make as a drone pilot? The answer to that question is more complex because a drone pilot’s salary can vary widely depending on several factors.

Let’s dig into the details and shed some light on the earning potential of commercial drone pilots.

Factors Affecting Drone Pilot Salary

To answer the question of how much drone pilots make, we need to examine the factors affecting drone pilot salaries. While many variables can affect what drone pilot jobs pay, most can be broken into one of four categories:

• Industry
• Experience level
• Location
• Employment type

How Industry Impacts Drone Pilot Salaries

One of the biggest factors that influence how much a drone pilot can earn is the industry in which they work.

Drones are used in many different sectors, each with its own pay scale. The latest trends in technology also impact each of these industries and what career paths are open to drone pilots.

• Real estate: In real estate, drones are often used to take aerial photos and videos of properties. These visuals can give potential buyers a better understanding of the property’s layout and surroundings. Real estate drone pilots typically earn a moderate salary, but those specializing in high-end properties can earn more. This is where most pilots, especially those using drones as a side hustle, typically work.
• Film and photography: The film and photography industry is another major employer of drone pilots. Drones are used to capture breathtaking shots that would be difficult or impossible to achieve with traditional cameras. Pilots in this industry can command high rates, especially if they have experience working on big-budget productions.
• Agriculture: In agriculture, drones monitor crops, map fields, and spray pesticides. The pay in this sector can vary, but experienced pilots with specialized knowledge in agriculture can earn a good salary.
• Inspection and maintenance: Drones are increasingly used to inspect and maintain infrastructure like bridges, power lines, and pipelines. This type of work often requires pilots to have specialized skills and certifications, which can lead to higher pay.
• Public safety and emergency services: Drones play an important role in public safety and emergency services, such as search and rescue operations, firefighting, and law enforcement. Pilots working in this sector might not earn as much as those in the film industry, but the work can be incredibly rewarding and offer job stability.
• Delivery services: Companies such as Amazon and UPS are exploring using drones for delivery services. While this sector is still in its early stages, it has the potential to offer good salaries as the technology and demand for drone deliveries grow.
• Military and government: The military and government agencies also employ drone pilots, often for surveillance, reconnaissance, and other tactical operations. Pilots in these roles can earn high salaries, especially with military experience or specialized training.

Role of Experience Level in Determining Drone Pilot Earnings

Another key factor in determining a drone pilot’s salary is their experience level.

• Entry level vs. experienced pilots: As in any other job, entry-level drone pilots typically earn less than those with more experience. However, the great thing about the drone industry is that there are plenty of opportunities to gain experience quickly. Many drone pilots start by taking on smaller, lower-paying jobs to build their portfolio. As they gain experience and improve their skills, they can start charging higher rates and taking on more lucrative jobs. Flight hours are a common way the industry tracks experience level. New pilots can expect to command hourly rates of $50 to $100, while experienced pilots can get much higher amounts.
• Certifications and licenses: Certifications and licenses can greatly impact a drone pilot’s salary. In the United States, for example, drone pilots must obtain a Part 107 certification from the FAA to operate commercially. Online courses like those provided by Altitude University and the Pilot Institute are excellent ways to prepare for the Part 107 exam. Pilots with additional certifications, such as those operating drones in specific industries or environments, typically command higher rates.

Location Matters: How Geography Affects Drone Pilot Pay

Where a drone pilot works can also have a significant impact on their salary. Some markets have more opportunities than others. Salaries can vary significantly from one area to another.

• Geographical differences in salary: Salaries for drone pilots can vary depending on the location. For example, drone pilots working in major cities or tech hubs like San Francisco, New York, or Los Angeles might earn more than those working in smaller towns or rural areas. This is partly due to the higher demand for drone services in urban areas and the generally higher cost of living.
• Cost of living impact: Considering how this affects a drone pilot’s salary is important. A higher salary in an expensive city might not go as far as a lower salary in a more affordable area. Drone pilots must weigh these factors when deciding where to base their operations.

Employment Type: Full time vs. Freelance Earnings for Drone Pilots

The type of employment a drone pilot chooses can also affect their earnings. There are pros and cons to each path you choose, and deciding one way or another depends on your goals and personal preferences.

• Full time vs. freelance: Some drone pilots work full-time for a company, while others operate as freelancers. Full-time positions often have steady salaries and benefits such as health insurance and retirement plans. On the other hand, freelance drone pilots have the potential to earn more by taking on multiple clients and charging higher rates. Still, they also have to manage their business expenses and deal with the uncertainty of fluctuating income.
• Salary vs. hourly rate: Drone pilots can be paid a salary or an hourly rate, depending on the job. Salaried positions typically offer more stability, while hourly rates can vary widely depending on the complexity and duration of the job. Freelancers often charge hourly or per project, and their rates can increase as they gain more experience and build a strong portfolio.

Exploring Salary Ranges for Drone Pilots: What to Expect

Now that we’ve covered the factors influencing a drone pilot’s salary let’s look at some average earnings.

• General salary ranges for different industries: On average, drone pilots in the real estate industry can expect to earn anywhere from $40,000 to $70,000 per year. Those working in the film and photography industry earn between $50,000 and $100,000, depending on their experience and the types of projects they work on. In agriculture, salaries typically range from $40,000 to $80,000. Pilots working in inspection and maintenance can earn between $50,000 and $90,000, while those in public safety and emergency services might earn between $40,000 and $75,000 annually.
• Comparison of salaries in different regions: Salaries can also vary based on location. For example, a drone pilot in California might earn significantly more than a pilot in the Midwest due to the higher demand for drone services and the higher cost of living in the state. In contrast, a drone pilot working in a rural area might earn less, but their cost of living would also be lower. Remember that there are always exceptions to the rule. I often work in very rural areas. Since I am the only pilot willing to take the work, I can often charge several thousand dollars for a single day’s work.
• Potential for high earnings in specialized roles: High earnings are even greater for drone pilots who specialize in a particular industry or have advanced certifications. Pilots who work on big-budget film productions or handle complex inspections for critical infrastructure can earn six-figure salaries. Additionally, those with a strong reputation and network can command premium service rates.

Proven Strategies to Boost Your Earnings as a Drone Pilot

If you’re a drone pilot looking to boost your earnings, here are some strategies to consider. These time-tested recommendations have helped many pilots rise to the top of their respective markets.

• Building a strong portfolio: One of the best ways to increase your value as a drone pilot is to build a strong portfolio that showcases your skills and experience. A portfolio with high-quality images, videos, and case studies can help you stand out to potential clients and employers.
• Networking and marketing: Networking is not just a bonus in the drone industry; it’s a necessity. Connecting with other professionals, attending industry events, and promoting your services online can increase your visibility and attract more clients. Social media platforms, especially LinkedIn and YouTube, can be powerful tools for marketing your services. Remember, it’s not just what you know but who you know that can make a difference in your career.
• Acquiring additional certifications: As mentioned earlier, having additional certifications can help you command higher rates. Consider pursuing certifications relevant to the industry you want to work in, such as thermography for inspections or cinematography for film work. Online learning platforms offer additional training beyond Part 107. Many schools offer classes in real estate photography, thermal inspections, cinematography, and more.
• Staying updated on industry trends: The drone industry is constantly evolving, with new technologies and applications emerging all the time. Staying updated on industry trends and continuing to learn new skills can help you stay competitive and increase your earning potential. Numerous conferences and events throughout the year are excellent ways to stay on top of the latest trends.

Maximizing Your Earning Potential as a Drone Pilot

The drone industry is an exciting and rapidly growing field, offering a wide range of opportunities for those interested in becoming drone pilots.

Whether you’re drawn to the creative aspects of aerial photography or the technical challenges of industrial inspections, there’s a niche for everyone. As you’ve learned, factors like industry, experience, location, and employment type play crucial roles in determining how much you can earn as a drone pilot.

Getting the proper training and certifications is essential if you’re ready to take the next step toward a lucrative and fulfilling career. Institutions such as Altitude University and the Pilot Institute offer comprehensive courses that can help you get certified and build the skills necessary to excel in this competitive market.

Investing in your education and staying current with industry trends will enhance your earning potential and position you as a leader in the drone industry. Reach out to these online schools today and start your journey toward becoming a highly skilled and successful drone pilot.

FAQs

What certifications do I need to become a commercial drone pilot?

To become a commercial drone pilot in the United States, you need to obtain a Part 107 certification from the FAA. This involves passing a written exam that covers topics like airspace regulations, weather, and drone operation.

What are the typical costs involved in becoming a drone pilot?

Becoming a drone pilot includes the Part 107 exam fee (around $175), a quality drone (ranging from $500 to several thousand dollars), and additional expenses for training courses, insurance, and software.

What legal considerations must I be aware of as a drone pilot?

As a drone pilot, you must follow FAA regulations, including flying within visual line of sight (VLOS), avoiding restricted airspace, and respecting privacy laws. Understanding local and federal regulations is crucial to operating legally and safely.

The post How Much Do Drone Pilots Make? appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

These two factors have combined to create new opportunities for businesses and entrepreneurs. The FAA estimates that the number of commercial drones in the U.S. will exceed 835,000 by 2025, highlighting how big the industry is becoming.

If you aren’t a part of the more than 400,000 with remote pilot certifications, it’s not too late to become one. Starting a drone business can be highly lucrative if approached with careful planning and strategic execution.

Our guide will walk you through the essential steps to launching and growing a profitable drone business, from initial market research to scaling your operations.

These seven steps will help guide you in building a profitable business as a commercial drone pilot:

• Market research and business planning
• Certifications and licenses
• Equipment selection
• Insurance
• Marketing and sales
• Operations and safety
• Scaling your business

Strategic Market Research and Business Planning

Starting a new business without a plan is never a good idea. As the saying goes, those without a plan should plan to fail.

Even in a growing sector like the drone industry, one of the biggest mistakes you can make is jumping in without preparing yourself for the challenges all new businesses face. For this reason, this step is one of the most involved. 

Identifying Your Done Business’ Target Market

The first step in starting a drone business is identifying your target market and niche.

The drone industry is diverse, offering opportunities in areas such as aerial photography, videography, agricultural monitoring, real estate marketing, infrastructure inspection, and more. To succeed, you must decide which niche aligns with your skills, interests, and the demand in your region.

For example, if you have a background in agriculture, consider offering precision farming services, such as using drones for crop monitoring, soil analysis, and pest control. Alternatively, if you’re skilled in photography, you could target the real estate market, providing high-quality aerial imagery and videos for property listings.

Understanding the Drone Landscape

Once you’ve identified your niche, conduct a competitive analysis to understand the landscape. This analysis is very helpful in pointing out your competitors’ strengths and weaknesses, allowing you to differentiate your services and capitalize on market opportunities.

Start your analysis by identifying other drone businesses in your area or within your chosen niche and analyze their strengths, weaknesses, pricing strategies, and customer reviews. This research will help you identify gaps in the market and opportunities to differentiate your services.

For example, you might find that while there are many aerial photographers in your area, few offer advanced services like 3D mapping or thermal imaging, presenting an opportunity for you to fill that void.

Business Plan for the Drone Industry

Next, you will want to develop a business plan since it is essential for guiding your decisions and securing financing.

Plans come in all shapes and sizes, but most have some basic components. Your plan should include:

• Executive summary: An overview of your business, including your mission statement and objectives.
• Market analysis: Insights from your market research and competitive analysis.
• Service offerings: A detailed description of the services you plan to offer.
• Marketing strategies: How you will attract and retain clients.
• Financial projections: Revenue forecasts, expense estimates, and profitability analysis.
• Operational plan: How your business will function daily, including logistics, staffing, and management.

A well-thought-out business plan will serve as a road map, helping you stay focused and organized as you grow your business. An excellent and free resource worth exploring is the Small Business Administration website. Here, you will find a wealth of information on creating the perfect business plan.

Legal Structures for Drone Businesses

With a business plan in hand, you will want to decide on the best legal structure for your business.

Choosing the proper business structure is crucial for legal, tax, and liability reasons. Common structures include sole proprietorships, limited liability companies (LLCs), and corporations.

An LLC is often a good choice for small businesses, as it offers liability protection and tax flexibility. However, the best structure for your business depends on your specific circumstances. Before making this decision, it is best to contact an attorney and tax professional.

You must outline your services and pricing structure to complete your business plan. Clearly defining your service offerings and pricing strategy will help you understand your break-even point.

How will you charge clients for your services? Will you charge by the hour, by the project, or offer package deals? These questions need to be answered before you open your doors.

Research your competitors’ pricing to ensure your rates are competitive while reflecting the value you provide. Offering tiered pricing packages can attract a wider range of clients. 

Financial planning is critical for sustaining and growing your business. Your financial projection should cover startup costs (drones, equipment, certifications, insurance), ongoing expenses (maintenance, software subscriptions, marketing), and revenue forecasts. Consider different scenarios to prepare for potential challenges and opportunities.

Regularly revising your financial projections based on actual performance will help you stay on track and make informed decisions. At a minimum, you should do this once a year.

Marketing Your Drone Business

The final portion of this step involves deciding on the marketing and sales strategies that will determine how effectively you can attract and retain clients.

Identify the channels you will use to promote your services, such as your website, social media, email marketing, and industry events. Develop a sales strategy that includes outreach to potential clients, networking, and leveraging referrals.

Building a strong brand presence and reputation will be key to your long-term success.

Navigating Essential Certifications and Licenses

If you want to make money flying a drone in the U.S., obtaining the Part 107 Remote Pilot Certificate from the FAA is mandatory.

This certification ensures you understand regulations, airspace rules, and safety procedures crucial for drone operations. The process involves passing a knowledge test covering topics like weather effects, loading, performance, and emergency procedures. 

If you are unfamiliar with the exam material, you will need to study before taking it. Thankfully, there are many resources available to help you.

Drone pilot hopefuls can attend in-person training (the most expensive option) or purchase an online class from providers like Altitude University and the Pilot Institute. You can also find additional study materials on trusted sites like Sporty’s.

Additional certifications, depending on your niche, can also be valuable. For instance, a thermography certification is beneficial for those interested in thermal imaging, while certifications in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) or photogrammetry can enhance services in mapping or surveying. These credentials boost your expertise and make your services more appealing to potential clients.

Selecting the Right Equipment for Your Drone Business

Choosing the best drones and other equipment for your business is crucial. Your selection should align with the services you plan to offer.

For instance, aerial photography and videography demand drones with high-quality cameras and stable flight capabilities, while surveying and mapping require precision GPS and detailed data capture. 

Consider payload capacity, flight time, and camera quality to ensure your drones meet your business needs. Investing in reliable, high-performance drones is key to delivering top-notch services.

If you need help deciding what drone to buy, contact the professionals at the online schools mentioned earlier. They will be more than happy to point you in the right direction. You can also contact the larger manufacturers, like Autel Robotics.

In addition to drones, investing in spare parts and accessories is necessary to maintain your equipment in top condition, minimizing downtime. Spare propellers, batteries, landing gear, and accessories like gimbals, ND filters, and lights for flying at night are essential. Having these on hand ensures you can respond promptly to client needs without delays.

Securing Your Drone Business with Insurance

We all hate spending money on insurance, but it is one of those things you will be glad you have if you ever need it.

I’ve been a commercial drone pilot for close to a decade, and the few times I needed to file an insurance claim more than made up for the monthly payments. 

Drone insurance is crucial for protecting your business from potential financial losses due to accidents, equipment damage, or liability claims. While it may not be legally required, having insurance, especially for high-value projects or in risky environments, is highly recommended.

In my experience, most people looking to hire a drone pilot will want at least $1 million in liability coverage.

Drone insurance can cover physical damage to equipment, third-party liability, and, in some cases, data loss. Liability coverage is the most important part of protecting your business in case of injury or property damage caused by your drone. 

To minimize risks, implement comprehensive risk management strategies, including regular drone maintenance, thorough preflight checks, and strict adherence to safety protocols. Keeping your team well-trained in emergency procedures and up to date on regulations is essential for mitigating risks.

Effective Online Presence and Marketing Strategies

Building a solid online presence is crucial in today’s digital age.

Create a professional website showcasing your services, portfolio, and client testimonials. Optimize your site for search engines to enhance visibility and maintain active social media profiles on platforms such as YouTube, LinkedIn, and Facebook to connect with your audience and showcase your work.

Networking is another powerful tool for growing your business. Attend industry events, trade shows, and conferences to meet potential clients and partners. Joining local business groups and online forums related to your niche can also expand your network, leading to referrals and collaborations that benefit your business.

Content marketing is effective for establishing your expertise and attracting clients. Producing blog posts, videos, and case studies that highlight your knowledge and experience in the drone industry can engage your audience and demonstrate the value of your services.

Many of the large manufacturers, such as DJI, provide these case studies for free. Consistent content marketing helps build your brand and positions you as a thought leader in your niche.

On the sales side, pricing is a critical factor in attracting and retaining clients. Research your competitors’ pricing and offer competitive rates that reflect the quality of your services.

Consider offering different packages catering to various client needs and budgets, such as a basic package for aerial photography and a premium package that includes additional services like video editing or 3D mapping. Clear, transparent pricing builds trust with potential clients.

Ensuring Safe and Efficient Drone Operations

If you want your drone business to succeed, you must conduct all operations professionally and safely.

Developing flight plans and safety protocols is essential for ensuring the success of your operations. Each project should have a detailed flight plan outlining mission objectives, flight paths, and safety considerations, including identifying potential hazards and planning for contingencies.

Safety protocols, including preflight checks, communication procedures, and emergency response plans, should be established and followed without exception.

Adhering to FAA regulations is nonnegotiable for any drone business. Staying informed about the latest rules and guidelines, including airspace restrictions, altitude limits, and no-fly zones, is crucial. Online platforms like Aloft will help you do this. 

Ensure that all pilots on your team hold valid Part 107 certificates and follow FAA guidelines during every flight. Regularly review and update your operations to maintain compliance. Remember that recurrent training is mandatory every 24 months, so develop a system to track these deadlines.

Regular drone maintenance is vital for keeping your drones in optimal condition and preventing unexpected failures. Follow the manufacturer’s maintenance schedules, including battery checks, firmware updates, and motor inspections.

Promptly addressing any repairs will prevent compromising safety or project timelines. Maintaining detailed records will help track the performance and lifespan of your equipment.

As your business grows, hiring additional pilots or support staff may become necessary. Building a robust and well-trained team is essential for scaling your operations and delivering consistent, high-quality services.

Ongoing training ensures your team stays updated with industry developments, enabling them to handle complex projects and exceed client expectations.

Scaling and Expanding Your Drone Business

Once your business is established, consider expanding your services.

Starting with aerial photography, you could eventually offer additional services like drone-based mapping, thermal imaging, or even use your drone to help your local search and rescue team. Exploring new markets and industries can open up new revenue streams.

Partnerships and collaborations can also expand your reach and capabilities. Continuously investing in technology and equipment ensures you stay ahead of the competition and meet the evolving needs of your clients.

Building a Successful Drone Business

Starting a drone business can be highly rewarding with the right approach.

Conduct thorough market research, obtain necessary certifications, build a reliable drone fleet, and implement effective marketing and operational strategies to position yourself for success in this growing industry. Continuous learning, adaptation, and a focus on customer satisfaction are key to long-term success.

Take the first step today and start building your profitable drone business.

FAQs

Can a drone business be profitable?

Yes. Many people make a comfortable living with a drone service business. The key is to start a drone business using the steps we have discussed.

How much does it cost to start a drone business?

It depends on how specialized a niche you want to serve. In general, the more specialized the work, the more expensive the drone. You can start a drone business for less than $3,000 or spend hundreds of thousands of dollars depending on what services you plan to offer.

Can I start my own drone business?

Yes. It is very easy to start your own drone business.

How much money can I make with a drone?

It depends on many factors. A good range to consider for a full-time commercial drone pilot is between $40,000 and $100,000 per year.

The post How to Launch and Grow a Profitable Drone Business appeared first on FLYING Magazine.

“While helicopters are invaluable for their range and payload capabilities, drones complement these assets by offering quicker, more cost-effective deployment,” Skydio, one of the largest U.S. drone manufacturers, told FLYING. “Their ability to operate in challenging conditions—including wind and rain—and their capacity for remote operation from anywhere via a web browser enhances the overall safety and efficiency of the response efforts, ensuring broader and more flexible coverage.”

Since shuttering its consumer drone business to focus on selling to enterprise and public safety customers last year, Skydio has assisted operators with plenty of disaster response and recovery efforts. Even before then, the company said it provided assistance following Hurricane Ian in 2022.

“Skydio team members—many of whom live in the communities their customers serve—closely monitor developing situations such as these, proactively deploying resources to impacted areas and supporting on the ground and in real time,” the company said.

In the wake of Helene, Skydio customers are deploying drones for search and rescue, overwatch, and damage assessment. Since the storm damaged many bridges in the most affected areas, for example, customers are using drone inspections to create digital twins, helping them assess safety and accelerate the repair process.

The company said it surged available personnel, remote connectivity systems, and its X10 and X10D drone models—equipped with spotlight attachments—to regions most in need, including the Florida Panhandle and western North Carolina.

Skydio has been working with local, state, and federal agencies to prepare for and respond to Helene, including the city of Tampa, Punta Gorda Police Department, and Southern Company.

Southern Company, an electric and gas utility provider, enlisted Skydio drones to perform damage assessments with “unprecedented speed and efficiency,” per Jonathan Tinch, an uncrewed aircraft systems (UAS) pilot and safety coordinator for the company.

The aircraft collected high-resolution images and real-time video of the damage, transmitting them to a command center. There, they were analyzed by experts who directed ground crews to the areas most in need of repair.

“As a result, we were able to restore power to our customers more quickly than ever before,” said Tinch.

As another major hurricane approaches, Skydio said it will offer further support.

“After what we saw in Asheville and the impact of drones there, we have doubled our efforts to support agencies responding to Milton,” Skydio told FLYING. “We have a team of people holed up in an Airbnb in northern Florida poised to be on the ground in the Tampa area the minute the storm clears and it is safe to travel.”

Also assisting with post-Helene recovery efforts are pilots, engineers, and scientists from Mississippi State University’s (MSU) Raspet Flight Research Laboratory.

Raspet, backed by Project JUSTICE—a program within the U.S. Department of Homeland Security’s Science and Technology Directorate designed to learn about uncrewed systems by sending them on real-world missions—is supporting the Federal Emergency Management Administration (FEMA) with a massive UAS called Teros.

Built by Navmar Applied Sciences Corporation, Teros has a 44-foot wingspan and can remain aloft for 20 hours, allowing it to perform long-duration missions. Raspet deployed to Georgia on September 29 to assess post-hurricane flooding.

“Once a hurricane has passed over an inland area, the water it leaves behind is constantly moving, and that movement can be difficult to predict, especially in places where trees and other barriers might obscure water from satellite imagery,” said Jamie Dyer, a geosciences professor at Mississippi State and associate director of the university’s Northern Gulf Institute (NGI).

NGI experts tracked Helene through the Gulf of Mexico and Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina and Tennessee. Using Teros’ sensors and cameras, they collected real-time data and visuals on the movement of floodwaters, beaming it to federal entities like FEMA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

“UAS allow us to see in better detail where water is going and which areas will be impacted by flooding, which is vital information to have during a crisis event,” said Dyer. “Additionally, the data we collect will improve the river forecasting models that local, state and federal officials rely on.”

State officials with the North Carolina Department of Transportation’s Division of Aviation have also deployed drones to survey roads, bridges, and other infrastructure, flying more than 200 missions in the past week alone.

Over at NOAA, meanwhile, “hurricane hunters” are flying a pair of Lockheed WP-3Ds and a Gulfstream IV-SP—affectionately nicknamed “Kermit,” “Miss Piggy,” and “Gonzo”—directly into the eye of Hurricane Milton. Some of these missions will deploy Blackswift S0 UAS to measure temperature, pressure, wind, and humidity, which can help predict a storm’s path.

The FAA advises individual drone users or hobbyists to be mindful of temporary flight restrictions (TFRs) in place around hurricane-affected regions. Pilots who neglect to coordinate with local emergency services could inadvertently hinder their efforts, so noncommercial operators should exercise caution.

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The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Aircraft Operations Center (AOC) houses a small fleet of “hurricane hunters,” which researchers deploy to predict a hurricane’s structure, intensity, and path. And with Milton forecast to remain a major hurricane when it impacts the Tampa area on Wednesday, the data they gather will be as important as ever.

“This data will then be sent to the National Hurricane Center (NHC) and into the weather models to help us pinpoint this track forecast,” said Sofia de Solo, a NOAA flight director, in a preflight brief, “which is extra important this time around, being that the hurricane is expected to hit in a highly populous and highly vulnerable region that just got hit by Hurricane Helene.”

For more than four decades, NOAA’s AOC has managed and maintained ten crewed aircraft at Lakeland Linder International Airport (KLAL) in Florida. Among them are the hurricane hunters: a pair of Lockheed WP-3Ds, or P-3s, affectionately dubbed “Kermit” and “Miss Piggy”, and a Gulfstream IV-SP nicknamed “Gonzo.”

“Kermit” and “Miss Piggy” are designed to fly directly into hurricanes. The four-engine turboprops handle both storm research and reconnaissance when called upon by the NHC, measuring storm structure and intensity, producing real-time forecasts, and scanning for indicators of deadly storm surges. These missions typically take the P-3s into the eye of the storm to measure its central pressure.

“Gonzo,” meanwhile, flies above and around hurricanes with its range of about 4,000 nm and cruise altitude of 45,000 feet. NOAA uses the G-IV to study weather systems in the upper atmosphere surrounding a storm, which can help predict its path. According to the agency, it has flown around nearly every Atlantic-based hurricane that has posed a threat to Americans since 1997.

Outside hurricane season, the aircraft are also used to study weather phenomena such as the El Niño system, atmospheric gases over the North Atlantic, and winter storms on the U.S. Pacific coast.

“Miss Piggy” so far has made two flights into Milton, passing through the eye of the storm multiple times in what NOAA calls a “butterfly pattern,” used to identify the center of a hurricane.

“Essentially, every time we pass through the center, we’re going to get a look at the structure of the storm,” said Jonathan Zawislak, a NOAA flight director.

During each pass, the P-3 released dropsondes, which NOAA describes as “weather balloons in reverse.” These expendable devices float on the ocean surface and collect temperature, dew point, wind speed, and pressure data, which can help researchers predict intensity and pathing. The aircraft also produced 3D imagery of Milton using its tail doppler radar.

“Gonzo” so far has flown three missions to collect readings on the air and water in front of Milton, which can “steer” the storm. The G-IV also released dropsondes and gathered tail doppler radar data, beaming it back to the NHC.

“On satellite imagery, the storm presents itself very small. It has a very small pinhole, and due to the intensification, the storm is evacuating air at a very rapid rate,” said de Solo during the preflight briefing. “Up at where we’re flying at 40,000 feet, we’ll feel that.”

NOAA hurricane hunters use tail doppler radar to create 3D imagery of storms, such as this map of Hurricane Sam from September 2021. [Courtesy: NOAA]

According to NOAA, similar missions will be flown before Milton makes landfall. On Tuesday, hurricane-force winds and a life-threatening storm surge are expected across the north coast of the Yucatan Peninsula. The hurricane will remain “extremely dangerous,” NOAA and the NHC said Tuesday morning, and could produce an “extremely life-threatening situation” along Florida’s west coast, where a hurricane warning is in place.

“Preparations to protect life and property in the warning areas should be complete by tonight,” the agencies said in an update on X.

NOAA also intends to deploy uncrewed aircraft systems (UAS) to assist its hurricane hunters. The agency owns two such systems, the Altius 600 and Blackswift S0, that measure temperature, pressure, wind, and humidity both for storms and the ocean surrounding them. Both aircraft are deployed from the P-3 and piloted remotely, capable of staying aloft for up to four hours.

Aircrews eject the drones from beneath the aircraft at about 220 knots, transporting them as close as possible to the eye of the storm. Data is beamed directly from the UAS back to the P-3, which then sends it to the NHC. The drones are capable of going places crewed aircraft cannot, particularly near the ocean’s surface.

As Hurricane Helene approached the U.S. Southeast, “Miss Piggy” and “Kermit” deployed several Blackswifts to study its composition and path. NOAA told FLYING the agency will fly similar UAS for similar missions as Milton grows closer.

NOAA and the NHC encouraged the public to pay attention to the latest Milton updates on the NHC’s website, noting that forecasts are constantly shifting.

Some NOAA hurricane hunter missions are supported by the 53rd Weather Reconnaissance Squadron, also known as the Air Force Reserve Hurricane Hunters. Stationed at Keesler Air Force Base (KBIX) in Biloxi, Mississippi, the 53rd deploys a WC-130J Super Hercules to survey storms in the Atlantic, Pacific, Caribbean, and Gulf of Mexico for the NHC.

A spokesperson for the Hurricane Hunters told FLYING the squadron flew three missions apiece on Sunday and Monday, with two more scheduled for Tuesday. It flew nine reconnaissance missions into Hurricane Helene last month.

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The airspace surrounding hurricane-impacted areas in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee is inundated with small airplanes, helicopters, and drones, the FAA said. In western North Carolina, there has been a 300 percent increase in traffic, it estimates.

The National Guard has deployed more than 200 vehicles and aircraft, while general aviation pilots are making supply drops. Officials at the Military Aviation Museum in Virginia Beach, Virginia, said they are coordinating with partners to deploy a World War II-era Douglas C-47 which previously assisted during the Berlin Airlift to ferry donations.

Local charities and other groups have requested further volunteer assistance from pilots.

“The FAA’s goal at all times is to ensure safety and help facilitate this critical work,” an agency spokesperson said in a statement shared with FLYING. “At the request of local authorities or law enforcement, the Federal Aviation Administration can issue Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFRs) to ensure safety for aircraft conducting Hurricane Helene rescue and recovery activities.”

These TFRs can be found on the FAA’s website and are constantly being updated, the agency said. Drones and other aircraft can still support disaster relief and recovery efforts within restricted airspace, but civilian and volunteer operations will first need to coordinate with emergency responders.

According to the North Carolina Department of Transportation, Asheville Regional Airport (KAVL), Hickory Regional Airport (KHKY), and Foothills Regional Airport (KMRN) are “hubs of Helene activity and for general aviation pilots.” Airspace in eastern Tennessee is also congested, the FAA said. It urged pilots to check flight restrictions around those locations specifically.

At Asheville Regional, GA pilots are advised to gain clearance from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) before attempting to land. The North Carolina Division of Aviation is implementing prior permission required (PPR) at Asheville Regional and Rutherford County Airport (KFQD) and expects to issue PPR at more busy sites throughout the weekend.

The FAA further warned that many airports in the hurricane’s trail do not have a control tower and directed pilots to the rules for Non-Towered Airport Flight Operations. Ramp areas are particularly congested, it said.

State and local authorities may enact their own airspace restrictions. They may also request that the FAA establish an Airspace Coordination Area (ACA), which the agency describes as “a heads up about an unusual situation and/or congestion that pilots should be aware of.” An ACA does not restrict flight—rather, it gives pilots important guidance about the airspace.

FAA personnel are further coordinating airspace at the North Carolina Emergency Operations Center, giving priority access to emergency services.

The FAA advised pilots seeking to deliver supplies to work with community organizations that can advise on local airport capacity. It also suggested pilots tanker fuel through busier airfields in order to reduce fuel demand.

Drone pilots, meanwhile, must fly under Part 107 rules or FAA public aircraft requirements. Crewed aircraft will always have the right of way, and operators should be mindful that mountainous terrain can make it difficult for pilots to see drones in their path.

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On Tuesday, Wing, the drone delivery arm of Google parent Alphabet, and Serve Robotics, a manufacturer of sidewalk delivery robots, announced a pilot partnership in Dallas, where Wing has been delivering hot food, beverages, household staples, and other items since April 2022.

The drone delivery firm since August 2023 has been working with the world’s largest retailer, Walmart, to expand that service to an estimated 1.8 million households in Texas’ Dallas-Fort Worth metro area.

And now that the FAA has authorized Wing and competitor Zipline to manage their own airspace in North Texas, enabling deliveries beyond the visual line of sight (BVLOS) of the pilot, the company’s delivery network has the potential to be one of the world’s largest.

“We have been delivering food and other goods directly to consumers for over five years, completing more than 400,000 commercial deliveries across three continents,” said Adam Woodworth, CEO of Wing. “We have a proven ability to make deliveries quickly and efficiently…Through this pilot partnership, Wing hopes to reach more merchants in highly-congested areas while supporting Serve as it works to expand its delivery radius.”

To support its growing coverage area, which according to Walmart will soon cover three-quarters of the area’s population, Wing is enlisting Serve and its autonomous sidewalk robots.

In the next few months, certain Wing deliveries will instead be picked up by a Serve robot from the restaurant’s curbside. The self-driving robot will travel a few blocks to a Wing Autoloader, which can grab deliveries from the vehicle on its own and position them to be picked up by drone.

Typically, Wing relies on store associates to drop orders curbside for the AutoLoader, but there isn’t always room for restaurants to install a drone operation onsite.

Once the drone picks up the order, it can fly as far as 6 miles. According to the partners, the combined system will enable 30-minute deliveries to the entire city.

“Together, Serve and Wing share an ambitious vision for reliable and affordable robotic delivery at scale,” said Ali Kashani, CEO and cofounder of Serve. “Our end-to-end robotic delivery solution will be the most efficient mode for the significant majority of deliveries.”

Wing believes adding Serve robots will make its deliveries faster, avoiding gridlock by traveling both in the air and on the sidewalk. Both vehicles are fully electric, and because they are automated, there is no need for the customer to tip. Restaurants, meanwhile, do not need to make any changes to their facilities to accommodate Wing drones.

At a Walmart Supercenter in the Dallas suburb of Frisco, for example, Wing’s operation requires the space of about two rows of parking lots—which isn’t much, but the company seeks to be as asset-light as possible.

The firm also aims to make customers’ lives easier via integrations with DoorDash and the Walmart app, allowing them to place orders through a familiar interface. Serve, meanwhile, has a partnership with Uber Eats in Los Angeles, a market Wing has yet to tap into.

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WASHINGTON, D.C.—Within the next month, the FAA will release a final rule outlining pilot certification and initial operations for electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) air taxis and other powered-lift aircraft, a U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) official said Thursday.

At Honeywell’s third annual Advanced Ait Mobility (AAM) Summit in Washington, D.C., Christopher Coes, acting undersecretary of transportation for policy within the DOT, said a highly anticipated special federal aviation regulation (SFAR) defining the rules will be published in the next few weeks.

“The department has a final rule for our powered-lift operations, and we expect that that will be published in the next month,” Coes said. “And I think you will see it is quite responsive to the industry’s comments.”

Industry Raises Concerns

The FAA published a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) for the powered-lift SFAR in June 2023. The rule would set alternative training and eligibility requirements for certifying powered-lift pilots as well as create operational rules for passenger and cargo transport.

But the document was decried by a collective of stakeholders, spearheaded by the General Aviation Manufacturers Association (GAMA), who took issue with many of the agency’s proposals.

Namely, industry groups believe powered-lift training courses should credit existing rotorcraft and airplane category certificates, and pilots should be able to add a powered-lift rating directly to those permissions. They urged the FAA to lower the threshold for powered-lift flight hours, remove a requirement that limits training to dual control aircraft, and allow more training in simulators.

The groups also argue that performance-based—rather than prescriptive—rules should be used for powered-lift flight, such as by applying airplane and rotorcraft rules as appropriate rather than creating a new category of operations.

Kristie Greco Johnson, senior vice president of government affairs for the National Business Aviation Association (NBAA), said Thursday that members are seeking a “practical pathway” to AAM integration. And the SFAR could be that pathway.

“AAM isn’t a future Jetsons concept,” Johnson said. “It is actually happening right now in our airspace.”

Amanda Joyner, managing director of government affairs for GAMA, agreed with Johnson and said members are hopeful that the SFAR will help them to get their products on the market quickly. Eventually, investment into AAM manufacturers will dry up if the firms are unable to demonstrate a product, so a final rule could help them begin to turn a profit.

What It Means

The deadline for a powered-lift SFAR is December 16, as mandated by the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024 signed into law on May 16—a provision that was lauded by industry organizations, private companies, and lawmakers alike.

The FAA earlier this week missed the bill’s September 16 deadline to issue a NPRM for beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) drone flight. But Andrew Miller, a staffer on the Senate Commerce Minority Committee, and Alexander Simpson, a staffer on that chamber’s majority counterpart, said they are confident the FAA will meet the SFAR timeframe. Hunter Presti, a staffer on the House Majority Transportation Committee, is optimistic but believes it will be tight.

According to Simpson, should the agency miss its deadline, existing standards and regulations for rotorcraft and fixed-wing aircraft would apply to powered-lift models.

Coes said his office is simultaneously developing a U.S. national strategy to safely integrate AAM operations alongside conventional aircraft. That plan has been in the works for over a year and is under department review.

The initiative will require an interagency review and final briefing to Congress, “but I am confident that this will be a set of documents that can be championed by the industry, by academia, by labor, our state and local partners, as well as Congress,” Coes said.

Coes added that his team is working with the International Civil Aviation Organization’s AAM study group to harmonize international consensus on AAM standards, practices, and procedures. The goal, he said, is to ensure the U.S. takes the reins on those provisions.

Conference attendees including Coes hope the FAA and other federal agencies will be able to use the Los Angeles Olympic Games in 2028 as a showcase for AAM technology. The event could also serve as a proving ground for the integration of AAM aircraft with other transportation systems.

In support of that effort, the FAA last year released its Innovate28 blueprint for air taxi integration. Earlier this year, the agency proposed comprehensive certification criteria for AAM aircraft, laying the groundwork to get them approved to fly.

But there is still a long way to go, and the powered-lift SFAR—whenever it is released—will be a key part of the process.

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The agency intends to use this software to more effectively track its increasing number of uncrewed aerial systems (UAS), which are vital for investigating accidents. The NTSB does not have a centralized system for tracking its drones, which are used to capture video and photos of incidents and perform mapping and photogrammetry.

In its posting, the NTSB notes that, until recently, its UAS program has been operated on a small scale, with just five drones, four active crewmembers, and one program lead. Documentation of fleet assets and personnel was managed manually through basic spreadsheets and databases, a process the agency described as “archaic” and “inefficient,” making it difficult to maintain a robust safety management system.

The NTSB said it has recently launched its UAS Flight Operations program—expanding its aircraft fleet from five to 12 drones—and has increased personnel to a team of 15.

“Implementation of a solution for both aircraft and program management will serve to improve the effectiveness and integrity of NTSB investigations,” the agency said.

Editor’s Note: This article first appeared on AVweb.

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Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University on Tuesday announced a partnership with the Advanced Air Mobility Association (AAMA), a nonprofit initiative working with the private sector, universities, government, and other stakeholders to create “road maps” for the introduction of AAM aircraft, tailored for major U.S. cities. Under the agreement, AAMA will leverage the expertise of Embry-Riddle faculty and provide students with opportunities for project collaboration, internships, and more.

AAMA was launched publicly in April and is led by president and CEO Antonio Campello, an Embraer executive of more than 30 years who most recently headed Embraer-X—the company’s innovation arm and technology incubator.

Johann Bordais, president and CEO of Embraer air taxi arm Eve Air Mobility, a spinoff of EmbraerX, sits on the group’s board, which also includes Bristow Group executive David Stepanek and Republic Airways executive Charles Hillis. Both Bristow and Republic are Eve partners.

In addition, AAMA adviser Frank Di Bello previously served as president and CEO of Space Florida, an Eve investor. Michael Amalfitano, who sits on Eve’s board, is on Embry-Riddle’s board of trustees.

However, Campello told FLYING that AAMA receives no funding from Embraer or Eve and is fully agnostic, working with all platforms and OEMs and favoring no company. He said the group has been inviting AAM operators, aircraft manufacturers, industry groups, universities, and city governments to help build the ecosystem needed to bolster a new wave of transportation.

Passenger- or cargo-carrying electric air taxis, for example, will require vertiports, special takeoff and landing sites fitted with chargers and other equipment. Designing, building, operating, and regulating these sites will be a collaborative effort.

AAMA intends to establish “readiness laboratories,” where stakeholders can create and implement a minimum viable product (MVP). Businesses use MVPs, which typically are designed with just enough features to be usable for early customers, to gauge the feasibility of an idea. Essentially, the group is looking to launch a beta version of an AAM ecosystem and receive feedback from customers on how it could be improved.

AAMA will use funding generated from membership fees, grants, events, and fees charged to use its readiness labs to create reports describing how different regions can integrate air taxis and other novel aircraft. Per a pitch deck viewed by FLYING, it will also advocate for key regulations on Capitol Hill.

According to Embry-Riddle, AAMA will work with university faculty that lead AAM programs, such as within the Eagle Flight Research Center. Kyle Collins, an assistant professor of aerospace engineering and the director of the center, said it has been exploring the topic for years.

Embry-Riddle students will also be able to work directly with AAMA members on projects and will have opportunities to intern with the association and its member organizations.

“We’re excited to see our team of experienced professionals collaborating with researchers, faculty, and students to propose innovative and customized solutions aimed at implementing a safe and efficient advanced air mobility ecosystem in cities and regions across the globe,” said Campello.

Separately, Embry-Riddle is collaborating with the Greater Orlando Aviation Authority (GOAA), which manages Orlando International Airport (KMCO), to explore the integration of AAM operations at that site. In addition, researchers are working under a $1.4 million NASA grant to study how air taxis can take off quietly and safely in dense urban environments and turbulent conditions.

It’s unclear how much access AAMA will be granted to those projects, but the organization will hope to glean insights from top aviation experts.

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On Monday, the Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust (GSTFT) announced a partnership with Wing, the drone delivery arm of Google parent Alphabet, and Apian, the developer of an application programming interface (API) for medical logistics founded by former NHS doctors, to move blood between two hospitals in less than two minutes. The U.K.’s Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) has approved an airspace corridor between the hospitals and will regulate the trial.

The six-month program, expected to begin in the fall, will serve Guy’s Hospital and St Thomas’ Hospital in central London. According to GSTFT, moving samples between the sites can take more than half an hour by van or bike courier. But per a study in the British Journal of Haematology, transporting blood by drone is just as safe as doing so by ground vehicle.

“The drone pilot combines two of our key priorities—providing the best possible patient care and improving sustainability,” said professor Ian Abbs, CEO of GSTFT.

Howard Dawber, the deputy mayor of London for business and growth, also praised the service.

Wing and Apian have been delivering surgical tools and other medical supplies in Dublin since July. In addition to those Ireland services, Apian has delivered chemotherapy treatment to cancer patients for the Isle of Wight NHS Trust and is working with Zipline to expand a prior trial for the Northumbria Trust.

In London, Wing drones will transport blood samples taken from patients awaiting surgery who are at risk of complications due to bleeding disorders. The aircraft are expected to slash delivery times, allowing NHS technicians to more quickly analyze the sample and determine if the procedure is safe.

The fully electric aircraft—which have completed more than 400,000 deliveries worldwide to date—also figure to reduce emissions while alleviating some ground traffic.

“Drones can increase the responsiveness and resilience of healthcare logistics, allowing clinicians to be more productive and patients to get the care they need sooner,” said Dr. Hammad Jeilani, co-founder of Apian.

Wing drones will transfer samples on demand, flying between the two hospital rooftops at over 60 mph and 200 feet in the air—high enough, Wing says, that their buzzing will blend into the city’s soundscape. The aircraft can tolerate moderate rain and wind. Per Apian, they will carry about 2.2 pounds, so it appears the service will not use Wing’s newer model, which can carry up to 5 pounds.

The drones are largely automated and will follow predetermined routes overseen by a remote pilot, similar to Wing’s U.S. service. Flights will take place during daytime hours from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. local time, Monday through Friday, with no more than 10 trips per day.

The drones are equipped with low-resolution cameras, but according to Wing, no live feed is available, even for its own pilots.

According to Apian, the trial could expand to fly a wider range of “pathology items, medicines and supplies.” In addition to Guy’s and St Thomas’, GSTFT operates three other main hospitals, which could be candidates for an expansion.

“This is one of the many reasons that we are working with companies through our sandbox trials programme, to enable the test and development of pioneering new aviation technology in the U.K.,” said Sophie O’Sullivan, director of the CAA’s Future of Flight program.

Drone delivery is being bolstered by U.K. leaders at the highest levels. The country’s Department for Transport, for example, in March released its Future of Flight Action Plan, a blueprint to make drone deliveries routine by 2027.

Part of that plan is the CAA’s Future Flight Challenge, a nearly $400 million initiative that funds a variety of drone delivery projects. The CAA has already authorized several trials under the program to study drones for inspections, emergency services, and policing. In August, the regulator selected six participants, including Amazon’s Prime Air, for an upcoming round of trials.

The U.K. government has also poured over $9 million into Project CAELUS, which uses drones to deliver medical supplies in Scotland, while the Royal Mail is exploring parcel delivery by drone.

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